职业行为准则

规则1.16: Declining or Terminating Representation

 (a) Except as stated in paragraph (c), a lawyer shall not represent a client or, where representation has commenced, shall withdraw from the representation of a client if:
        (1)该代理将导致违反职业行为规则或其他法律;
        (2) The lawyer’s physical or mental condition materially impairs the lawyer’s ability to represent the client; or
        (三)澳门赌场官网被解除职务.
   (b) Except as stated in paragraph (c), 澳门赌场官网在不对委托人的利益产生重大不利影响的情况下，可以退出代理委托人, 或者,如果:
        (1)委托人坚持澳门赌场官网有理由认为澳门赌场官网的服务是犯罪或欺诈行为的诉讼程序;
        (2) The client has used the lawyer’s services to perpetrate a crime or fraud;
        (三)委托人实质上未就澳门赌场官网的服务向澳门赌场官网履行义务，并经合理警告澳门赌场官网不履行义务将退出的;
        (4)代理将给澳门赌场官网造成不合理的经济负担，或者客户的顽固或无理取闹行为使代理变得不合理地困难;
        (5) The lawyer believes in good faith, in a proceeding before a tribunal, that the tribunal will find the existence of other good cause for withdrawal.
   (c)澳门赌场官网在终止代理时必须遵守要求通知法庭或得到法庭许可的适用法律. When ordered to do so by a tribunal, 尽管有正当理由终止代理，澳门赌场官网仍应继续代理.
   (d) In connection with any termination of representation, 澳门赌场官网应当在合理可行的范围内及时采取措施保护委托人的利益, such as giving reasonable notice to the client, allowing time for employment of other counsel, surrendering papers and property to which the client is entitled, 并退还任何尚未赚取或发生的预付款或费用. The lawyer may retain papers relating to the client to the extent permitted by 规则1.8(i).

评论

   [1]澳门赌场官网不应在一件事上接受代理，除非代理能胜任, 及时, without improper conflict of interest, 最后.

强制退出
   [2]如果委托人要求澳门赌场官网从事非法或违反《澳门赌场官网》或其他法律的行为，澳门赌场官网通常必须拒绝或退出代理. The lawyer is not obliged to decline or withdraw simply because the client suggests such a course of conduct; a client may make such a suggestion in the hope that a lawyer will not be constrained by a professional obligation.
   [3] When a lawyer has been appointed to represent a client, withdrawal ordinarily requires approval of the appointing authority. 另请参阅 规则6.2. 如果撤销是基于委托人要求澳门赌场官网从事非职业行为，可能会遇到困难. The court may wish an explanation for the withdrawal, 虽然澳门赌场官网可能有义务对构成这种解释的事实保密. 澳门赌场官网关于澳门赌场官网与委托人之间不可调和的分歧要求终止代理的声明通常应被接受为充分理由.

放电
   [4] A client has a right to discharge a lawyer at any time, 有或没有原因, subject to liability for payment for the lawyer’s services. Where future dispute about the withdrawal may be anticipated, it may be advisable to prepare a written statement reciting the circumstances.
   [5] Whether a client can discharge appointed counsel may depend on applicable law. A client seeking to do so should be given a full explanation of the consequences. 这些后果可能包括任命当局决定任命继任澳门赌场官网是不合理的, thus requiring the client to proceed 箴se.
   [6] If the client has diminished capacity, the client may lack the legal capacity to discharge the lawyer, and in any event the discharge may be seriously adverse to the client’s interests. 澳门赌场官网应特别努力帮助当事人考虑后果和, 在极端情况下, 是否可以启动指定代理决策者的诉讼程序或对客户的类似保护.看到规则1.14.

可选的撤军
   [7] A lawyer may withdraw from representation in some circumstances. 如果可以在不对委托人的利益产生重大不利影响的情况下完成撤回，澳门赌场官网有权选择撤回. 如果客户坚持澳门赌场官网有理由认为是犯罪或欺诈行为的行为，也可以撤销诉讼, 因为即使澳门赌场官网没有推动这种行为，澳门赌场官网也不需要与这种行为联系在一起. 如果澳门赌场官网的服务在过去被滥用，即使这会对委托人造成重大损害，也允许撤回诉讼.
   [8]如果委托人拒绝遵守与代理有关的协议条款，澳门赌场官网可以退席, such as an agreement concerning the timely payment of the lawyer’s fees, court costs or other out-of-pocket expenses of the representation, or an agreement limiting the objectives of the representation.

Assisting the Client Upon Withdrawal
   [9] Even if the lawyer has been unfairly discharged by the client, a lawyer must take all reasonable steps to mitigate the consequences to the client. 澳门赌场官网仅可在规则1允许的范围内收取费用保留文件作为担保.8(i).

Compliance With Requirements of a Tribunal
   [10] Paragraph (c) reflects the possibility that a lawyer may, 出庭受审, 在某些情况下受制于法庭的权力，以防止本应适当的撤诉. (c)款要求被命令在法庭上继续代理的澳门赌场官网这样做. 然而, (c)款并非旨在阻止澳门赌场官网对法庭的命令提出超出其管辖权的质疑, 任意的, 或者其他不合适的, 在此期间, 继续表示.

Return of Client’s Property or Money
   [11]第(d)款要求澳门赌场官网及时归还客户有权获得的任何财产或金钱.澳门赌场官网在代理终止时占有委托人的财产或者金钱，对财产或者金钱的分配有争议的，不论争议是澳门赌场官网与委托人之间的, the lawyer and another lawyer who is owed a fee in the matter, 或者在澳门赌场官网或客户与第三方之间——澳门赌场官网必须将这些财产或金钱的争议部分分开, hold that property or money in trust as required by 规则1.15, and 及时 distribute any undisputed amounts. 看到 规则1.15 and 评论s [4] and [5] thereto; 见In re Haar; 667 A.2d 1350 (D.C. 1995), 698 A.2d 412 (D.C. 1997). 尽管有上述规定, where a lawyer has a valid lien covering undisputed amounts of property or money, 澳门赌场官网可以在规定留置权的实体法允许的范围内继续持有该财产或金钱. 看到一般 规则1.8, 1.15(b).